American recipes speak in Fahrenheit, European ones in Celsius, British ones sometimes in gas marks, and your oven has a fan that ignores all three. Type in whatever number the recipe gives you and get the rest, including the fan setting.
Conventional oven
Fan oven / convection
A fan oven circulates hot air, so it bakes faster. Drop the temperature by 20 °C and start checking about 10 minutes early.
| °F | °C | Fan °C | Gas | Description |
|---|
Quick answer: 350°F is 180°C or gas mark 4, 375°F is 190°C or gas mark 5, and 400°F is 200°C or gas mark 6. For a fan or convection oven, lower the Celsius temperature by 20 degrees, so 180°C becomes 160°C fan.
Oven Temperature Conversion Chart
Every common baking temperature in Fahrenheit, Celsius, fan oven and gas mark. The exact column is the true conversion; the recipe column is how recipes and oven dials round it.
| Fahrenheit | Celsius (exact) | Celsius (recipe) | Fan oven | Gas mark | Heat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 225°F | 107°C | 110°C | 90°C | 1/4 | Very cool |
| 250°F | 121°C | 120°C | 100°C | 1/2 | Very cool |
| 275°F | 135°C | 140°C | 120°C | 1 | Cool |
| 300°F | 149°C | 150°C | 130°C | 2 | Cool |
| 325°F | 163°C | 165°C | 145°C | 3 | Warm |
| 350°F | 177°C | 180°C | 160°C | 4 | Moderate |
| 375°F | 191°C | 190°C | 170°C | 5 | Moderately hot |
| 400°F | 204°C | 200°C | 180°C | 6 | Hot |
| 425°F | 218°C | 220°C | 200°C | 7 | Hot |
| 450°F | 232°C | 230°C | 210°C | 8 | Very hot |
| 475°F | 246°C | 240°C | 220°C | 9 | Very hot |
| 500°F | 260°C | 260°C | 240°C | 10 | Extremely hot |
Fan Ovens Run Hotter Than the Dial
A fan, or convection, oven pushes hot air across the food instead of letting it sit still. Cakes brown faster and edges set sooner, so the usual fix is to lower the temperature by 20 degrees Celsius, around 35 Fahrenheit, and start checking about 10 minutes early. For delicate things such as sponge cakes and meringues, turning the fan off entirely gives a gentler rise.
A Word on Gas Marks
Gas marks move in steps of roughly 25 Fahrenheit, so they rarely land exactly on the number a recipe asks for. Gas mark 4 is the everyday baking setting at 180 degrees Celsius. When a conversion falls between two marks, go with the lower one and give it a few extra minutes.
The chart in the converter above rounds Celsius values the way oven dials and recipes use them. The exact formula is °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9, as set out in the NIST unit conversion guide.
Common Oven Conversions
What is 425°F in a fan oven?
425°F is 220°C in a conventional oven, which is 200°C in a fan oven. It is gas mark 7.
What gas mark is 200°C?
200°C is gas mark 6, or 400°F. In a fan oven, use 180°C.
What is gas mark 5 in Celsius?
Gas mark 5 is 190°C, or 375°F. In a fan oven, use 170°C.
What gas mark is 190°C?
190°C is gas mark 5. It converts to 374°F, which recipes round to 375°F.
What is 275°F in Celsius?
275°F is exactly 135°C. Recipes round it to 140°C, which is gas mark 1 or 120°C fan.
What is 300°F in Celsius?
300°F is 149°C, rounded to 150°C in recipes. That is gas mark 2, or 130°C in a fan oven.
What is 450°F in Celsius?
450°F is 232°C, which recipes round to 230°C. That is gas mark 8, or 210°C in a fan oven.
Questions Bakers Ask
Why do my bakes come out underdone at the right temperature?
Most home ovens are off by 10 to 20 degrees, and some by far more. A cheap oven thermometer sitting on the middle shelf will tell you in one bake whether your dial is honest.
How long should I preheat?
Longer than the beep suggests. Most ovens signal when the air hits temperature, while the walls and shelves are still cold. Give it 15 to 20 minutes after the beep for cookies and cakes.
What is 180°C in Fahrenheit?
180°C is 356°F, which recipes round to 350°F. It is gas mark 4 and about 160°C in a fan oven, the standard setting for most cookies and cakes.
Should I use the fan setting for baking?
Use it for cookies, muffins, and anything that benefits from even browning. Switch to the conventional setting for sponges, soufflés, and meringues, which can rise unevenly or crack in moving air.
Ready to put the oven to work? Our Halloween brownies bake at 350°F (180°C, 160°C fan), and the chocolate chip muffins start hot at 425°F for tall domes. Changing the tin as well as the temperature? Try the cake pan size converter. More at free baking tools.
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